Kurdish Intervention Forces
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The Kurdish Intervention Forces were a small Kurdish Free Syrian Army group in al-Hasakah Governorate. They were formed in August 2012 by members of the Kurdish Democratic Party - Syria of Abdulrahman Alluji, though there was never an official link with the party. Like the KDPS, the Kurdish Intervention Forces strongly identified with the Kurdistan Democratic Party in Iraq and its founder Massoud Barzani, while being fiercely critical of the Democratic Union Party (PYD) and its armed wing, the People's Protection Units (YPG). Nevertheless, the group avoided military clashes with the PYD/YPG and proclaimed allegience to the Kurdish Supreme Committee, the coalition government between the PYD and its close allies and the Kurdish National Council, of which Alluji's KDPS was a member (Alluji died in late 2012, and in July 2013 his party merged into the larger KDPS faction led by Abdulhakim Bashar). It also joined the Kurdish Military Council. When the KSC collapsed in late 2013, the PYD's security apparatus began cracking down on smaller Kurdish groups critical of its dominance; the Kurdish Intervention Forces' leader, Massoud Hussein, was arrested and two of its deputy commanders were assassinated in murky circumstances. The group became effectively defunct by mid-2014. However, changing circumstances led the PYD/YPG to reevaluate its stance toward nonconformist Kurdish groups. Hussein was released from custody in DATE TBD and allowed to reform his group, which worked reluctantly alongside the YPG to push back the jihadists of the Islamic Emirate.